A scientist is a person or individual who is studying and has expert & skilled knowledge of one or more of the natural & physical sciences.

A scientist is one of the most important and good callings in the entire world. A scientist is one who is capable to make this planet further developed and excellent. All the advances we are having it right presently is simply because of the scientists that permit us to discover increasingly more about this world and even about different universes which are existing. 

• A Job profile of the scientist for the most part incorporates arranging, investigating, and coordinating different objectives and accomplishments.
• The scientist can even spare an actual existence by growing new life-sparing medications.

“The term scientist was coined by a theologian philosopher William Whewell”.

Types of Scientist according to the specialization

Physical Science

• Chemist
• Agrochemist
• Analytical chemist
• Astrochemist
• Atmospheric chemist
• Biophysical chemist
• Clinical chemist
• Computational chemist
• Electrochemist
• Femtochemist
• Geochemist
• Green chemist
• Inorganic chemist
• Medicinal chemist
• Nuclear chemist
• Organic chemist
• Organometallic chemist
• Pharmacologist
• Physical chemist
• Quantum chemist
• Solid-state chemist
• Stereochemist
• Structural chemist
• Supramolecular chemist
• Theoretical chemist
• Thermochemist
• Earth scientist
• Astrogeologist
• Biogeochemist
• Climatologist
• Dendroarchaeologist
• Dendrologist
• Edaphologist
• Gemologist
• Geoarchaeologist
• Geobiologist
• Geographer
• Geologist
• Geomicrobiologist
• Geomorphologist
• Geophysicist
• Glaciologist
• Hydrogeologist
• Hydrologist
• Hydrometeorologist
• Limnologist
• Meteorologist
• Mineralogist
• Oceanographer
• Paleoclimatologist
• Paleoecologist
• Paleogeologist
• Paleoseismologist
• Palynologist
• Petrologist
• Sedimentologist
• Seismologist
• Speleologist
• Volcanologist
• Physicist
• Agrophysicist
• Astrophysicist
• Atmospheric physicist
• Atomic physicist
• Biological physicist
• Chemical physicist
• Computational physicist
• Cosmologist
• Condensed-matter physicist
• Engineering physicist
• Material physicist
• Molecular physicist
• Nuclear physicist
• Particle physicist
• Plasma physicist
• Polymer physicist
• Psychophysicist
• Quantum physicist
• Theoretical physicist
• Astronomer
• Planetary science
• Space science
• Cosmology

Life Science

• Biologist
• Acarologist
• Aerobiologist
• Anatomist
• Arachnologist
• Bacteriologist
• Bioclimatologist
• Bioinformatician
• Biotechnologist
• Bioarcheologist
• Biochemist
• Biolinguist
• Biophysicist
• Biostatistician
• Botanist
• Cell biologist
• Chronobiologist
• Cognitive biologist
• Computational biologist
• Conservation biologist
• Dendrochronologist
• Developmental biologist
• Ecologist
• Electrophysiologist
• Embryologist
• Endocrinologist
• Entomologist
• Epidemiologist
• Ethologist
• Evolutionary biologist
• Geneticist
• Hematologist
• Herbchronologist
• Herpetologist
• Histologist
• Human behavioral ecologist
• Human biologist
• Ichnologist
• Ichthyologist
• Immunologist
• Integrative biologist
• Lepidopterist
• Mammalogist
• Marine biologist
• Medical biologist
• Microbiologist
• Molecular biologist
• Mycologist
• Neuroendocrinologist
• Neuroscientist
• Ornithologist
• Osteologist
• Paleoanthropologist
• Paleobotanist
• Paleobiologist
• Paleontologist
• Paleopathologist
• Parasitologist
• Pathologist
• Physiologist
• Phytopathologist
• Population biologist
• Primatologist
• Quantum biologist
• Radiobiologist
• Sclerochronologist
• Sociobiologist
• Structural biologist
• Theoretical biologist
• Toxicologist
• Virologist
• Wildlife biologist
• Zoologist

Social Science

• Anthropologist
• Archaeologist
• Biological anthropologist
• Cultural anthropologist
• Communication scientist
• Criminologist
• Demographer
• Economist
• Linguist
• Management scientist
• Political economist
• Political scientist
• Psychologist
• Abnormal psychologist
• Behavioral psychologist
• Biopsychologist
• Clinical psychologist
• Cognitive psychologist
• Comparative psychologist
• Developmental psychologist
• Educational psychologist
• Evolutionary psychologist
• Experimental psychologist
• Forensic psychologist
• Health psychologist
• Industrial and organizational psychologist
• Medical psychologist
• Neuropsychologist
• Psycho pharmacologist
• Psychophysicist
• Social psychologist
• Sport psychologist
• Sociologist

Formal Science

• Computer scientist
• Data scientist
• Mathematician
• Computational scientist
• Statistician
• Systems scientist

Applied

• Agriculturist
• Applied physics
• Health physicist
• Medical physicist
• Biomedical scientist
• Engineering scientist
• Environmental scientist
• Food scientist
• Kinesiologist
• Military scientist
• Nutritionist
• Operations research and management analysts
• Physician scientist

Eligibility to become a Scientist

• Candidates need to have a Bachelor’s degree from a reputed college or institution.
• Graduation must be in any of the Science streams that the candidate wants to pursue the purpose of specialization.
• Candidates can opt for a permutation combination of Science subjects with Biology as the main subject.
• A minimum of 60% aggregate is required at the graduation level.
• Master’s in a specific stream from a recognized institution is compulsory with at least 65% marks in the finals.
• The final degree will be of a Doctoral degree or Ph.D. in the subject.
• Individual entrance tests need to be cracked for further as well.

The average salary of Indian scientists could land up around 7 lakh per annum.   

Major organizations in India having Scientific Research

Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)

ISRO is one of the top research and development organizations in India, involved in the research activities relating to space, remote sensing, vehicle launch facilities, and satellites. It has a number of centers all around the country, which includes the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) at Thiruvananthapuram, Laboratory for Electro Optic Systems (LEOS) at Bangalore, and many more.

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)

CSIR is currently the largest industrial R&D organization in the country. The organization is involved in R&D for a number of scientific fields including environment, aerospace, life sciences, petroleum, metallurgy, food as well as chemicals. Founded in 1942, CSIR currently has 39 laboratories all around the country with over 17,000 employees working in different client-oriented projects throughout the year.

Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO)

DRDO is the premier organization in India concerned with research and development in defense systems and military technology. Headquartered in New Delhi, it works in a variety of areas related to defense in its 52 laboratories across the country. These areas include aeronautics and avionics, electronic warfare, combat vehicle engineering, naval development, missile systems.

Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)

ICMR is one of the best research and development organizations in India for promoting research in the field of medicine. Based in New Delhi, the organization is responsible for the funding and overseeing of the scientific and medical research being undertaken in various medical institutions in the country. The fields that are encouraged by ICMR include reproductive and child health, non-communicable diseases, epidemiology, stem cell research, and human genetics.

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)

BARC is the premier research and development organization in India concerned with research in various fields including nuclear science, chemical technology, environment, biotechnology, electronics and instrumentation, health, physical sciences, and material sciences. The organization works under the Department of Atomic Energy and its primary focus is on nuclear research and development.

Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)

The ICAR is a major body that coordinates, guides, and manages research and education in the field of agriculture (also including the fields of horticulture, fisheries, and animal sciences) in the nation. There are 100+ ICAR institutes and 70+ Universities focused on agriculture in the country, making it one of the largest agriculture systems in the world. The ICAR has played a pioneering role in ushering Green Revolution and the prolific development of agriculture in India through research and technology development. It has enabled the country to increase the production of food grains, crops, and milk to name a few by double digits in the last 4 decades.

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR)

Mumbai-headquartered Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) was founded in 1945 by Homi J. Bhabha with support from J.R.D. Tata. It works under the Department of Atomic Energy and conducts research in the areas of physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, computer science, and science education. As a university, it has its different fields of research spread out between different institutes. Its multiple facilities are supported by advanced kinds of equipment including a particle accelerator.

National Innovation Foundation (NIF)

National Innovation Foundation (NIF) was founded in 2000 in Gujarat to provide institutional support towards inspiring and sustaining grassroots innovations across the country. The organization scouts for green solutions created by farmers, artisans, and so on, that have been created without any professional help and aids their growth. To date, NIF has been able to find and document more than 310,000 examples of technological ideas, innovations, and practices. To give a perspective, some of these include herbal medicines being used in tribal areas, improved crop varieties, locally developed tools, etc.

National Research Development Corporation (NRDC)

The National Research Development Corporation (NRDC) comes under the purview of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR). It was established in 1953 by the Government of India to promote, develop, and commercialize the technologies, know-how, inventions, patents, and so on, being developed in different institutions in the country. It undertakes projects at national and international levels to promote scientific and technological innovations.

National Institute of Biomedical Genomics (NIBMG)

Based in the state of West Bengal, the National Institute of Biomedical Genomics (NIBMG) is India’s first research institute dedicated to research in genomic medicine. It was founded in 2009 under the Department of Biotechnology. The institute has done some cutting-edge work in the field of Biomedical Genomics in the last decade. This includes the global record-breaking sequencing data generation in a single experiment in a short period of time.

Famous Scientists of India

• C. V. Raman
• Satyendra Nath Bose
• P. J. Abdul Kalam
• Homi J. Bhabha
• Srinivasa Ramanujan
• Ashoke Sen
• N. R. Rao
• M. S. Swaminathan
• Raja Ramanna
• Abhay Ashtekar
• Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri
• Meghnad Saha

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